FLEXIBILITY OPTIONS FOR SMART GRIDS. BASIC CONCEPTS

PURPOSE. Increased renewable generation requires new operation strategies of power systems especially at distribution levels. New mechanisms - so-called flexibility options - are necessary for smoothing the weather dependence of renewable generation and stabilizing the Smart Grid operation in this way. The paper presents different flexibility options of a Smart Grid. Moreover, some practical examples of modern Smart Grid operation have been given and the methodology for flexibility option planning has been presented. A wide range of modern references and summary make this review paper useful as an introduction to this future-oriented scientific topic. METHODS. Operation of power system with renewable sources often causes bottlenecks in the power grid. The used method is redispatshing the power generation or application of local flexibility options e.g. energy storages or demand management. RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION. The electric power system of the future, which will use renewable generation, needs a flexibility option for stabile and economically profitable operation. The list of such flexibility options and the selection methodology of optimal flexibilities mix is presented in this paper. The optimal selection depends on the power system structure and current operation condition as well as can change rapidly. CONCLUSIONS. The strategies of power system operation are to be checked in some countries due to the wide presence of the large proportion of renewable and other decentralized generation. In the future the percentage of renewable generation will increase even faster therefore today there is the need to develop a wide range of flexibility options to stabilize and optimize the power system operation. Having overviewed the possible measures, this paper shows how to transfer them in general into the planning and operational practice. The paper provides both general remarks and real examples. The future works will focus on the development of algorithms for optimal flexibility and practical operation of Smart Grids.

electric power system, power system control, renewable generation, flexibility options

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