Effect of FDM printing direction on the mechanical properties of products

The study aims to examine the effect of printing direction in the FDM-technology (Fused Deposition Modeling) on the mechanical properties of products. Laboratory tests of type B specimens were conducted in accordance with GOST 11262-2017 using a Shimadzu AGS-10kNXD tensile tester with a loading rate of 2 mm/ min. The specimens were made of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) thermoplastic. Under otherwise equal conditions, the printing direction of the specimens was changed. As a parameter representing this factor, the study adopted the inclination angle of printing filaments in the infill of the specimen α to its longitudinal axis. The test results of FDM specimens showed that at different inclination angles α, a consistent variation in experimental data is observed. The specimen comprises two components: the first is the infill of the specimen; the second is the shell of the specimen. An analysis (based on 3D models of specimens in the slicer) of the filament path in the layers and the structure of each layer revealed that the mechanical properties of test specimens are affected by both components. In the shell of the specimen, this effect is produced by its upper and lower edges. A detailed analysis of models representing each layer of the specimens helped explain the variation in the response of specimens with different α to the action of the same tensile load in terms of the magnitude of the failure load. In particular, the features of the infill structure are such that its effect on the magnitude of failure load is limited by an increase in the angle α from 0 to 45°. A further increase in α leads to a mirror repeat pattern. In this case, the effect of the shell on the magnitude of the failure load corresponds to the range of 0°≤α≤90°. Thus, the conducted research provided insights that can help lay the theoretical groundwork for a procedure for producing FDM parts with specified mechanical properties.

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