Methodology for selecting optimal wire grade and cross-section based on an integrated technical and economic criterion

The aim was to develop a methodology for selecting an optimal wire grade and cross-section for overhead power lines with a voltage of above 1 kV under intensive development of power grid systems. This aim was solved using the authors’ previously developed methods: selection of an optimal wire grade based on hierarchy analysis and selection of an optimal wire cross-section by optimizing the specific discounted costs during the entire period of construction and operation of overhead power lines. In the present study, these methods are integrated into a single methodology. It is proposed to implement wire inspections prior to the stage of technical and economic calculations, since the necessary data has already been taken into account during the selection of a wire grade and its cross-section. The proposed methodology was tested on a typical example of reconstruction of the Zapadnaya– Davydovka 110 kV overhead line, which creates limitations in the power supply of Primorsky Krai due to insufficient wire capacity and its operation beyond the normative period. SENILEK AT3/C 150/24 wire was selected as a solution for the example under consideration. The application of this wire grade allows not only the overhead line capacity to be increased by 151% without replacing the existing supports, but also active and reactive power losses in the electric network to be reduced by 18.9 and 2.5%, respectively. The proposed methodology enables selection of an optimal grade and cross-section of any wire design, taking the dynamically changing operational conditions of power grid systems into account. The solutions found by the proposed methodology may contribute to a more efficient operation of power lines due to increasing their transmission capacity, reducing the number of used supports, replacing the line wire without replacing supports, decreasing ice formation on wires, and reducing power losses.

1. Demyanova O.V., Badriyeva R.R. Features of industry 4.0 projects in the energy sector. Bulletin of the Perm national research polytechnic university. Sociology and Economics. 2022;3:161-175. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9354/2022.3.12. EDN: MOGVMV.

2. Zhu Yuan, Liu Yijiang, Zuo Anxin, Dong Jun, Xu Dan. A comparative study of investment efficiency of Chinese provincial power grid companies based on Super Efficiency SBM model. In: 5th International Conference on Power and Energy Technology. Jul 2023, Tianjin. Tianjin; 2023, р. 854-858. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPET59380.2023.10367562.

3. Harbi F. Al., Csala D. Saudi Arabia’s electricity: energy supply and demand future challenges. In: 1st Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference. 12–15 June 2019, Nevsehir. Nevsehir; 2019, p. 467-472. https://doi.org/10.1109/GPECOM.2019.8778554.

4. Wang Rizhao, Zhang Hengxu, Shi Fang, Zhang Yong, Zhang Lei. Empirical study of the relationship between global energy consumption and economic growth. In: China International Electrical and Energy Conference. 1 October 2017, Beijing. Beijing: IEEE; 2017, р. 394-399. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC.2017.8388480.

5. Selvaraj M., Kulkarni S.M., Rameshbabu R. Performance analysis of a overhead power transmission line tower using polymer composite material. Procedia Materials Science. 2014;5:1340-1348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.451.

6. Reddy B.S., Mitra G. Investigations on high temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2020;35(4):1716-1724. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2019.2950992.

7. Varivodov V.N., Kazakov S.E., Kulik V.V., Udarov V.M. Steel polyhedral supports for electrical distribution networks. Possibilities and prospects. ELEKTRO. Elektrotekhnika, elektroenergetika, elektrotekhnicheskaya promyshlennost’. 2005;2:37-42. (In Russ.). EDN: KUHWOV.

8. Hadzimuratovic S., Fickert L. Impact of gradually replacing old transmission lines with advanced composite conductors. In: IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571614.

9. Zhen Liu, Jian Zhang, Jiao Zhu, Dongyang Lin, Shengchun Liu, Cheng Yao. Development of high stress and large capacity conductor for large crossing transmission lines. In: International Conference on Applied Physics and Computing. 2022, Ottawa. Ottawa: IEEE; 2022, p. 248-251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAPC57304.2022.00053.

10. Fedorov N.A. New generation of wires and reliability issues of overhead lines. In: Raboty sistem elektrosnabzheniya v usloviyah gololedno-vetrovyh nagruzok: materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii = Power supply system operation under ice-wind loads: Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference 19 October 2016, Ufa. Ufa: Ufa University of Science and Technology; 2016, р. 42-49. (In Russ). EDN: XCKUKT.

11. Bingran Shao, Jin Liu, Yingmin Feng, Guangsheng Cui, Bo Yan, Guoqi Ren. Analysis on selecting application of energy-saving conductors in overhead transmission line construction. In: China International Conference on Electricity Distribution. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICED.2016.7576160.

12. Lauria D., Quaia S. An investigation on line loadability increase with high temperature conductors. In: 6th International Conference on Clean Electrical Power. 2017;645-649. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCEP.2017.8004757.

13. Hoffman J., Reil M., Waters D.H., Wong C.K.W., M. Kumosa S.M. Evaluation of strains in dead-end fittings of high-temperature low sag electrical conductors using FBG sensors. In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2024;73. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3352708.

14. Beryozkina S. Potential application of the advanced conductors in a transmission line project. In: IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/EEEIC.2018.8493858.

15. David T., Dave B. How advanced conductors are improving the T&D system and combating climate change. In: IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/TD43745.2022.9816899.

16. Zuev E.N. To standards adaptation for economic density of current. ELEKTRO. Elektrotekhnika, elektroenergetika, elektrotekhnicheskaya promyshlennost’. 2002;6:39-45. (In Russ).

17. Song Yanrong, Zeng Hubiao. Optimization design of the conductor section selection in the transmission line. In: Third Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuits, Communications and System. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/PACCS.2011.5990283.

18. Savina N.V., Varygina A.O. Selection of an optimal cable brand for high-voltage overhead power lines based on criterion analysis. iPolytech Journal. 2023;27(2):339-353. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-20232-339-353. EDN: PRKWCM.

19. Varygina A.O., Savina N.V. Technical and economic model of the conductor cross-section for active-adaptive electrical networks. Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering. 2022;16(3):27-34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52547/mjee.16.3.27.

20. Varygina A.O., Savina N.V. Calculating the current carrying capacity of the new generation overhead line conductors. Izvestiya vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Power Engineering: Research, Equipment, Technology. 2020;22(4):3-15. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-4-3-15. EDN: MSHLRM.

21. Saati T.L. Decision making with dependences and feedback, 2008, 360 р. (Russ. ed.: Prinyatie reshenij pri zavisimostyah i obratnyh svyazyah: analiticheskie seti. Moscow: LKI; 2008, 360 р.)