Возможность использования мультиагентного управления режимами виртуальной инерции ветроэлектрической станции

Цель – провести обзор литературных источников, посвященных увеличению эффективности и качеству управления ветроэлектрическими станциями. Анализируются работы по снижению негативного влияния ветроустановок на энергосистему и их участию в оказании системных услуг, например первичном регулировании частоты. Изучено около 150 научных статей и обзоров, подобранных в различных научных источниках (в том числе IEEE, Web of Science и Scopus) по ключевым словам «ветроэлектрическая станция», «ветроустановка», «мультиагентное управление», «виртуальная инерция», «микросеть», «виртуальная электростанция», «регулирование частоты». Применен метод систематизированного обзора специализированных источников, который дает возможность обеспечить четко определенную структуру для данной области исследований путем категоризации статей. Показано, что развитие технологий, позволяющих повысить регулировочные способности ветроэлектрической станции, является актуальной задачей, так как низкая инерция источников возобновляемой энергии приводит к снижению устойчивости энергосистем, в составе которых значительную долю составляют ветроэлектрические станции. Из анализа литературных источников следует, что одним из решений повышения устойчивости таких энергосистем является создание виртуальной инерции ветроэнергетических установок. Однако, ввиду ограниченных мощности и возможностей регулирования каждого отдельного ветрогенератора, эффективность внедрения виртуальной инерции может быть недостаточной при ее независимой реализации на отдельных установках. Более того, показано, что несогласованное управление может повлиять на устойчивость системы. В данном обзоре выполнен анализ специализированных источников по вопросу скоординированного мультиагентного управления виртуальной инерцией нескольких ветроустановок (ветропарка). Сделан вывод о том, что на сегодняшний день исследования предлагаемого подхода не проводились либо не представлены, а описанные в обзоре тезисы можно подтвердить, разработав необходимые алгоритмы и проведя анализ результатов.

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