Методы удаления хлорид-ионов при производстве цинка из пыли электродуговой плавки

Цель – провести обзор литературных источников с целью поиска технологии, применимой на практике для производства катодного цинка из сложного по химическому составу техногенного хлорсодержащего сырья, в частности, из пыли электродуговой плавки. На основе литературного обзора опубликованных данных исследований российских и зарубежных ученых проведен поиск методов очистки технологических растворов с высокой концентрацией хлорид-ионов, полученных в результате гидрометаллургической обработки техногенных пылей электродуговой плавки. Показано, что большинство способов очистки имеют существенные ограничения, основные из которых: строгие требования к кислотности обрабатываемого раствора, недостаточная эффективность процесса обработки, вторичное загрязнение среды освобождаемыми хлорид-ионами и высокая стоимость реагентов или оборудования. По результатам анализа опубликованных данных описаны как способы снижения содержания хлора в исходной пыли, поступающей на переработку, так и методы дехлорирования технологических растворов, основанные на принципах осаждения, ионного обмена, сорбции и окисления. Дополнительно обобщены опубликованные данные и проанализированы экспериментальные результаты по удалению хлора из технологических стоков и растворов различной природы. В результате проведенного анализа литературных источников проведено сравнение применяющихся на промышленных предприятиях и недавно изученных лабораторных методов дехлорирования растворов с точки зрения доступности их для внедрения, экономической эффективности и степени удаления хлорид-ионов. Как результат, недостатки существующих процессов переработки техногенного хлорсодержащего сырья электродуговой плавки может решить разработка крупномасштабных, устойчивых и недорогих гибридных технологий, базирующихся на принципах экстракции, ионного обмена и осаждения.

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