Feasibility of using phase-shifting transformers to increase the throughput of interconnected power transmission systems

This paper discusses measures aimed at improving the efficiency of power systems by increasing the capacity of power transmission lines. To that end, a FACTS technology based on a phase-shifting transformer was used. The feasibility of using phase-shifting transformers to increase the throughput capacity of interconnected power transmission systems was investigated by determining the maximum allowable cross-section flows of the United Energy System of the Urals – the United Energy System of Siberia. The studied cross-section included 500 kV transmission lines and the extended 220 kV Nizhnevartovskaya GRES – Tomskaya transit. Calculations were performed for normal and various post-emergency schemes using the RastrWin3 software package. The regulation of phas e-shifting transformer branches and the direction of power flow in the section were taken into account. For the considered cross -section, the use of a phase-shifting transformer was shown to provide for the 220 kV transit operation in a closed mode. This i mproved the reliability of power supply in the region and allowed the maximum allowable overflow to be increased by 35 – 71%. In addition, similar calculations were carried out for the option of strengthening the 220 kV transit through the construction of a parallel 500 kV line. The effect of increasing the capacity of this option was established to reach 20 –35%. The decisive factor limiting the maximum permissible cross-section flows during 220 kV transit short circuit in the normal and reinforced versions was found to be the current overload of the head sections. Recommendations on the preferable use of an open transit mode are formulated. In conclusion, the efficiency of power systems can be improved by increasing the transmission capacity of power lines through the use of phase-shifting transformers. A segment of the Unified National Power Grid of Russia, where such devices are technologically expedient, was identified.

1. Bushuev V.V., Kalyuzhny A.Kh., Krechmer L.V., Shushuev A.A. The use of phase-shifting devices to simplify flow distribution in power systems. Elektrichestvo. 1990;11:6-11. (In Russ.).

2. Kochkin V.I., Shakaryan Yu.G. Operating condition of controlled power transmission lines. Elektrichestvo. 1997;9:3-8. (In Russ.).

3. Verboomen J., Hertem D., Schavemaker P.H., Kling W.L., Belmans R. Phase shifting transformers: principles and applications. In: International Conference on Future Power Systems. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/FPS.2005.204302.

4. Hingorani N.G., Gyugui L. Understanding facts: concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems. In: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Wiley-IEEE Press; 2004, 464 р.

5. Misrikhanov M.Sh., Sitnikov V.F., Khvoshchinskaya Z.G. Developing recommendations for the use of FACTS devices on intersystem interconnections of the Ural, Middle Volga and Central UPS. Vestnik Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo energeticheskogo universiteta = Vestnik of Ivanovo State Power Engineering University. 2005:6:32-36. (In Russ.).

6. Dobrusin L.A. Problems of energy efficiency and energy saving in Russia. Information and analytical review. Part III. Application trends of phase-shifting transformers in electric power industry. Silovaya elektronika. 2012;4:60-66. (In Russ.).

7. Brilinskii A.S., Kritskii V.A., Smirnova L.S. Application features of phase-shifting complexes in electric power systems. Izvestiya NTC Edinoj energeticheskoj sistemi = STC of Unified Power System Proceedings. 2018;1:6-10. (In Russ.).

8. Kritskii V.A., Evdokunin G.A., Brilinskii A.S., Smirnova L.S. Using phase-shifting transformer in the power evacuation system of Volzhskaya HPP. Elektricheskie stantsii = Power Technology and Engineering. 2018;12:26-30. (In Russ.).

9. Brilinskiy A.S., Evdokunin G.A., Kritskiy V.A., Matvienkov Yu. V., Sidelnikov A.P ., Smirnova L.S. Phase-shifting transformer for power distribution scheme of large hydroelectric power plant. Izvestiya Nauchno-tekhnicheskogo centra Edinoj energeticheskoj sistemy. 2019;1:6-14. (In Russ.).

10. Akimov D.A., Korovkin N.V., Odintsov M.V., Frolov O.V. The method of choosing the placement and parameters of phase-shifting transformers. Izvestiya Nauchno-tekhnicheskogo centra Edinoj energeticheskoj sistemy. 2016;1:6-19. (In Russ.).

11. Wolfram M., Marten A-K., Westermann D. A comparative study of evolutionary algorithms for phase shifting transformer setting optimization. In: IEEE International Energy Conference. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2016.7514056.

12. Rezvanfar R, Ghasemi H, Mosayebian M.E, Ghomi M, Silva F.M.F., Bak C.L. Optimal placement of phase shifting transformers based on MADM method: the considering system performance indices. In: CIGRE Symposium Aalborg. 4–7th June 2019, Aalborg. Aalborg, 2019;4(С1):068.

13. Thatarad S., Kiatiyuth K. Load alleviation in transmission system by using phase shifting transformer. In: International Electrical Engineering Congress. 7–9 March 2018, Krabi. Krabi: IEEE; 2018, p. 60-70. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEECON.2018.8712121.

14. Morrell T.J., Eggebraaten J.G. Applications for phase-shifting transformers in rural power systems. In: IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference. 28 April – 1 May 2019, Bloomington. Bloomington: IEEE; 2019, p. 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1109/REPC.2019.00020.

15. Rakhmanov N.R., Il'yasov O.V., Guliev G.B. Application of voltage phase angle control in a power system with an unevenly loaded power supply network. In: Voropaj N.I. (eds.). Methodical issues of studying large energy system reliability: no. 71. Reliability of energy supply to consumers in terms of their digitalization . Irkutsk: Melentiev Energy Systems Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2020, vol. 2, р. 350-360. (In Russ.).

16. Li Feng, Yu Mengze, Li Zuohong, Yuan Jiaxin, Mei Jiajun, Yang Xinyi, et al. Engineering application evaluation of phase shifting transformer in Guangdong power grid. In: Conference Proceedings of 2021 International Joint Conference on Energy, Electrical and Power Engineering. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Singapore: Springer; 2022, vol. 916, p. 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3171-0_10.

17. Vodennikov D.A. Application of a phase-shifting device to increase the electrical network throughput rate. Vestnik Moskovskogo energeticheskogo instituta = Bulletin of MPEI. 2020;3:75-80. https://doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-375-80. (In Russ.).

18. Shoiko V.P., Dukhanina K.V. Use of a phase shifting transformer for increasing the power transmission capability, taking into account the mode of the adjacent network. iPolytech Journal. 2021;25(3):369-379. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-3-369-379.

19. Stelmakov V.N., Zhmurov V.P., Tarasov A.N., Grinshtein B.I., Tuzlukova E.V. Phase shifting devices with a thyristor control. Energetik. 2010;8:20-23. (In Russ.).

20. Remizevich T., Rashitov P. Control features of a semiconductor phase shifting devices with a midpoint. Silovaya Elektronika = Power Electronics. 2011;1:78-82. (In Russ.).