Кинетика и механизм окислительного обжига сульфидной медно-кобальтовой руды

Цель – изучение химизма, кинетики и механизма окислительного обжига типичного образца сульфидной медно-кобальтовой руды. Объектом исследования являлась сульфидная медно-кобальтовая руда (основные минералы: пирит, пирротин, халькопирит, сфалерит, тремолит, диоксид кремния, тальк, сидерит и кальцит). В работе использованы методы высокотемпературного рентгенофазового анализа (100–900°C), термогравиметрии, дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии и масс-спектрометрии выделяемого газа (30–1100°C, скорость нагрева – 5–20°C·мин-1, расход воздуха – 30 см3·мин-1). Исследованы химизм, кинетика и механизм окислительного обжига сульфидной медно-кобальтовой руды (размер частиц <0,1 мм). С использованием указанных методов анализа установлено, что процесс можно представить совокупностью семи элементарных реакций: пяти экзотермических (при 398–445, 394–488, 440–498, 433–549 и 451–562°C), отвечающих интенсивному горению сульфидов железа, меди и цинка, и двух эндотермических (при 561–664 и 743–927°C), связанных с разложением остаточных сульфатов меди и железа. Кинетический анализ (методы Киссинджера, Огиса–Беннетта, идентификации реакционной модели по эталонной функции и итерационной оптимизации) данных дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии применительно к указанным реакциям показал, что лимитирующей стадией последних являются нуклеация и рост кристаллов. Значения энергии активации, предэкспоненциального множителя и параметра Аврами находятся в интервалах 140–459 кДж·моль-1, 1,41·104–3,49·1031 с-1 и 1,0–1,7, соответственно. Установлено, что кристаллизация продуктов элементарных реакций сопровождается увеличением числа зародышей; зародыши новой фазы могут формироваться как на поверхности, так и в объеме частиц руды. При этом рост кристаллов имеет одномерный характер и контролируется химической реакцией на границе раздела фаз или диффузией реагентов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы в практике окислительного обжига сульфидных руд и концентратов.

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