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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2025-4-538-549</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AWGPMB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-992</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование сложных повреждений в электрических сетях, примыкающих к тяговым подстанциям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of complex faults in electrical grids connected to traction substations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-1790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крюков Андрей Васильевич, д.т.н., профессор, профессор кафедры электроэнергетики транспорта</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Чернышевского, 15</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Kryukov, Dr. Sci (Eng.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Transport Electrical Engineering</p><p>15, Chernyshevsky St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">and_kryukov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овечкин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovechkin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овечкин Илья Сергеевич, аспирант</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Чернышевского, 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya S. Ovechkin, Postgraduate Student</p><p>15, Chernyshevsky St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iliaov2015@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный университет путей сообщения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Transport University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>538</fpage><lpage>549</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крюков А.В., Овечкин И.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крюков А.В., Овечкин И.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryukov A.V., Ovechkin I.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/992">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/992</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследований заключалась в разработке цифровых моделей, позволяющих корректно определять параметры режимов работы электрических сетей, примыкающих к тяговым подстанциям, при сложных повреждениях. Для достижения поставленной цели использовался подход, основанный на мультифазном представлении элементов электроэнергетических систем в фазных координатах и реализованный в программном комплексе Fazonord AC–DC. Были рассмотрены следующие виды сложных повреждений: обрыв провода с падением его на грунт, соединение двух фаз с землей в разных точках линии электропередачи, подключенной к трансформатору с изолированной нейтралью, и два одновременных коротких замыкания в сети. Результаты моделирования подтвердили необходимость корректного учета тяговой сети при определении режимов сложных повреждений. Для сравнения были выполнены аналогичные расчеты при ее отсутствии. Для режима обрыва провода и соединения его с грунтом отличия между результатами расчетов с учетом тяговой сети и при ее отключении составили 11%. В ситуации двойного замыкания на землю различие по токам линий электропередач достигало 13%. При одновременных коротких замыканиях в сети с изолированной нейтралью аналогичный параметр равнялся 22%. Разработаны цифровые модели электроэнергетических систем, которые позволяют корректно определять параметры режима при сложных повреждениях с учетом влияния тяговой сети. Их применение при проектировании и эксплуатации высоковольтных электрических сетей позволит осуществлять точную настройку устройств релейной защиты и автоматики, что приведет, в свою очередь, к снижению ущербов от аварий и сокращению времени перерывов в электроснабжении потребителей электроэнергии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study was aimed at developing digital models that would provide a means to accurately determine the operating parameters of electrical grids connected to traction substations in the event of complex faults. To this end, an approach was used based on a multiphase phase-coordinate representation of elements comprising the electric power system; this approach was implemented using the Fazonord AC DC software. The following types of complex faults were considered: downed power line; double line-to-ground fault at different points of the power line connected to a transformer with an isolated neutral point; two simultaneous short circuits in the grid. The modeling confirmed the need to factor in the traction network when determining operating parameters in the event of complex faults. For comparison, similar calculations were performed for the case of its disconnection. For a downed power line, the difference between the calculation results obtained with the traction network taken into account and for the case of its disconnection amounted to 11%. In the case of a double line-to-ground fault, the difference in power line currents reached 13%. For simultaneous short circuits in the grid with an isolated neutral point, the corresponding parameter was equal to 22%. Digital models of electric power systems were developed; these models enable the correct determination of operating parameters in the event of complex faults, taking the traction network into account. Their use in the design and operation of high-voltage electrical grids will enable the accurate setting of relay protection and automation devices, which, in turn, can reduce accident damage and power outage time for electricity consumers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сложные повреждения</kwd><kwd>влияние тяговой сети</kwd><kwd>электрические сети</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>complex faults</kwd><kwd>traction network influence</kwd><kwd>electrical networks</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жданов П.С. Вопросы устойчивости энергетических систем. М.: Энергия, 1979. 456 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhdanov P.S. Energy systems stability issues. Moscow: Energy; 1979, 456 p. 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