<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2025-3-376-388</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YNRNQC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сорбционное извлечение лития из рассола</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lithium sorption from natural brine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7589-7049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейников</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleynikov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алейников Сергей Александрович, аспирант</p><p>660041, г. Красноярск, Свободный просп., 79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Aleynikov, Postgraduate Student</p><p>79 Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk 660041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saaleynikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-7399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Наталья Викторовна, д.х.н., профессор,  заведующий кафедрой металлургии цветных металлов</p><p>660041, г. Красноярск, Свободный просп., 79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Belousova, Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Head of the Non-Ferrous Metals Metallurgy Department</p><p>79 Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk 660041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">netmamba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>376</fpage><lpage>388</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алейников С.А., Белоусова Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алейников С.А., Белоусова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleynikov S.A., Belousova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/963">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/963</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – исследовать эффективность извлечения лития из высокоминерализованного хлорид но-кальциевого рассола Сибирской платформы с использованием синтезированного сорбента на основе слоистого двойного гидроксида алюминия-лития. Изучение свойств сорбента (набухаемости, механической прочности) проводилось согласно ГОСТ 51641-2000 с использованием орбитального шекера ELMI S-3L.А20 и высокоточных аналитических весов CAS CAUW-220D. Кинетика сорбции исследовалась в статических условиях. Полная динамическая емкость и динамическая обменная емкость (до «проскока») при скоростях потока рассола от 1-го до 3-х колоночных объемов в час определялись в динамических экспериментах (проведено 100 непрерывных циклов сорбции-десорбции). Анализ растворов на содержание элементов проводился методом АЭС-ИСП с помощью атомно-эмиссионного спектрометра с индуктивно связанной плазмой iCAP 7400 Radial. Согласно проведенным исследованиям, набухаемость сорбента составила 19%, измельчаемость – 1,72%, истираемость – 0,27%. Время достижения полуравновесия при сорбции лития в статических условиях – 3 мин. Статическая обменная емкость составила 5,5 мг/г, полная динамическая обменная емкость – 5,5–5,7 мг/г. При скорости потока рассола 2 колоночных объема в час достигнуто 95%-е извлечение лития. Для промышленного извлечения лития на уровне 95% при скорости потока 1–2 колоночных объема в час требуется 2 колонны (или 3 колонны при скорости потока 3 колоночных объема в час). Показано, что емкость сорбента сохраняется на уровне 5,6 мг/г на протяжении 100 циклов сорбции-десорбции. Соотношение концентрации (Ca2++Mg2+)/ Li⁺ в элюате снижено в 682 раза по сравнению с исходным рассолом. Таким образом, сорбент демонстрирует высокую эффективность для извлечения лития из рассолов с экстремально высоким содержанием ионов кальция. Высокие значения скорости достижения полуравновесия, емкости, механической прочности, а также стабильность работы в 100 циклах сорбции-десорбции подтверждают промышленный потенциал сорбционного извлечения лития из высокоминерализованных хлоридно-кальциевых рассолов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study aims to investigate the efficiency of lithium extraction from highly mineralized calcium chlo ride brine of the Siberian Craton using a synthesized sorbent based on layered aluminum-lithium hydroxide. The re search into the sorbent properties (swelling characteristics, mechanical strength) was conducted in accordance with GOST 51641-2000 using an ELMI S-3L.A20 orbital shaker and a high-precision analytical balance CAS CAUW-220D. The sorption kinetics was studied under static conditions. The total dynamic capacitance and dynamic exchange ca pacity (before “breakthrough”) at brine flow rates from 1 to 3 column volumes per hour were determined in dynamic experiments. 100 continuous sorption-desorption cycles were carried out. The analysis of solutions for the element content was performed by the ICP-AES method with an iCAP 7400 Radial inductively coupled plasma atomic emis sion spectrometer. According to the conducted research, the swelling capacity of the sorbent was 19%, grindability equaled 1.72%, and abrasion amounted to 0.27%. The time to reach semi-equilibrium during lithium sorption under static conditions was 3 minutes. The total static capacitance equaled 5.5 mg/g; the total dynamic exchange capacity amounted to 5.5–5.7 mg/g. At a brine flow rate of 2 column volumes per hour, 95% lithium extraction was achieved. For commercial lithium recovery at a level of 95% at a flow rate of 1–2 column volumes per hour, 2 columns are re quired (or 3 columns at a flow rate of 3 column volumes per hour). It is shown that the sorbent capacity is maintained at a level of 5.6 mg/g throughout 100 sorption-desorption cycles. The concentration ratio (Ca2++Mg2+)/Li⁺ in the eluate is reduced 682-fold compared to the original brine. Thus, the sorbent demonstrates high efficiency for lithium extraction from brines with extremely high calcium ion content. The high values   of the rate of reaching semi-equilib rium, capacity, mechanical strength, as well as operational stability over 100 sorption-desorption cycles confirm the industrial potential of sorption extraction of lithium from highly mineralized calcium chloride brines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сорбция</kwd><kwd>литий</kwd><kwd>слоистые двойные гидроксиды</kwd><kwd>извлечение лития</kwd><kwd>рассол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sorption</kwd><kwd>lithium</kwd><kwd>layered double hydroxides</kwd><kwd>lithium extraction</kwd><kwd>brine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудрявцев П.Г. Литий: мировые запасы и перспективы применения // Альтернативная энергетика и эколоогия. 2016. No. 1-2. Р. 107–108. https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2016.13-14.072-088. EDN: YSQEVV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryavtsev P.G. Lithium: Global reserves and application prospects. Alternative Energy and Ecology. 2016;1 2:107-108. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2016.13-14.072-088. EDN: YSQEVV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malhi G.S., Tanious M., Das P., Coulston C.M., Berk M. Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder // Current understanding. 2013. Vol. 27. Iss. 2. Р. 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-013-0039-0. EDN: RICABV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malhi G.S., Tanious M., Das P., Coulston C.M., Berk M. Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder. Current understanding. 2013;27(2):135-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-013-0039-0. EDN: RICABV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zarone F., Ruggiero G., Leone R., Breschi L., Leuci S., Sorrentino R. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) mechanical and biological properties: a literature review // Journal of Dentistry. 2021. Vol. 109. Р. 103661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103661. EDN: INSAAT.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zarone F., Ruggiero G., Leone R., Breschi L., Leuci S., Sorrentino R. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) mechanical and biological properties: a literature review. Journal of Dentistry. 2021;109:103661. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103661. EDN: INSAAT.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хохлатова Л.Б., Колобнев Н.И., Оглодков М.С., Михайлов Е.Д. Алюминийлитиевые сплавы для самолетостро ения // Металлург. 2012. № 5. Р. 31–35. EDN: OZKXPR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khokhlatova L.B., Kolobnev N.I., Oglodkov M.S., Mikhaylov E.D. Aluminum-lithium alloys for aircraft building. Metallurg. 2012;31-35. (In Russ.). EDN: OZKXPR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petrescu F.I.T., Apicella A., Petrescu R.V.V., Kozaitis S.P., Bucinell R.B., Aversa R., Abu-Lebdeh T.M. Environmental protection through nuclear energy // American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2016. Vol. 13. Iss. 9. Р. 941–946. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2016.941.946.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrescu F.I.T., Apicella A., Petrescu R.V.V., Kozaitis S.P., Bucinell R.B., Aversa R., Abu-Lebdeh T.M. Environmental protection through nuclear energy. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2016;13(9):941-946. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2016.941.946.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donahue C.J. Lubricating grease: a chemical primer // Journal of chemical education. 2006. Vol. 83. Iss. 6. Р. 862. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed083p862.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donahue C.J. Lubricating grease: a chemical primer. Journal of chemical education. 2006;83(6):862. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed083p862.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ebensperger A., Maxwell P., Moscoso C. The lithium industry: its recent evolution and future prospects // Resources Policy. 2005. Vol. 30. Iss. 3. Р. 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2005.09.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ebensperger A., Maxwell P., Moscoso C. The lithium industry: Its recent evolution and future prospects. Resources Policy. 2005;30(3):218-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2005.09.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Султанова А.Г., Мичурин С.В. Некоторые вопросы геохимии лития и его распределение в рифейских породах Южного Урала // Геологический вестник. 2024. № 2. С. 65–80. https://doi.org/10.31084/2619-0087/2024-2-6. EDN: COOISR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sultanova A.G., Michurin S.V. Some issues of lithium geochemistry and its distribution in Rifhean rocks of the Southern Urals. Geologicheskii vestnik. 2024;2:65-80. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31084/2619-0087/2024-2-6. EDN: COOISR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu Wenhua, He Lihua, Zhao Zhongwei. Lithium extraction from high Mg/Li brine via electrochemical intercalation/ de-intercalation system using LiMn2O4 materials // Desalination. 2021. Vol. 503. Р. 114935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114935. EDN: CLOYGN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu Wenhua, He Lihua, Zhao Zhongwei. Lithium extraction from high Mg/Li brine via electrochemical intercalation/ de-intercalation system using LiMn2O4 materials. Desalination. 2021;503:114935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114935. EDN: CLOYGN.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронов Ю.Б., Карпунин А.М., Фукс В.З. Эпохи формирования и типы месторождений лития зарубежных стран // Региональная геология и металлогения. 2022. № 92. С. 105–116. https://doi.org/10.52349/0869-7892_2022_92_105-116. EDN: QCEVYK.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov Yu.B., Karpunin A.M., Fuks V.Z. Formation epochs and types of lithium deposits in foreign countries. Regional geology and metallogeny. 2022;92:105-116. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52349/0869-7892_2022_92_105-116. EDN: QCEVYK.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tadesse B., Makuei F., Albijanic B., Dyer L. The beneficiation of lithium minerals from hard rock ores: а review // Minerals Engineering. 2019. Vol. 131. Р. 170–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.023. EDN: DRPKWM.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tadesse B., Makuei F., Albijanic B., Dyer L. The beneficiation of lithium minerals from hard rock ores: а review. Minerals Engineering. 2019;131:170-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.023. EDN: DRPKWM.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саркаров Р.А., Белан С.И., Гусейнов Н.М. Оценка современного состояния и перспективы добычи лития и его соединений в России // Индустриальная экономика. 2022. № 1-2. С. 57–68. https://doi.org/10.47576/2712-7559_2022_2_1_57. EDN: ASXGDV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkarov R.A., Belan S.I., Guseinov N.M.  Assessment of the current state and prospects for the production of lithium and its compounds in Russia. Industrial Economics. 2022;1-2:57-68. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47576/2712-7559_2022_2_1_57. EDN: ASXGDV.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Jing, Koenig Jr.G.M. Direct lithium extraction using intercalation materials // Chemistry–A European Journal. 2024. Vol. 30. Iss. 4. Р. e202302776. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202302776. EDN: QCJNUW. 14. Hochstetter C. Untersuchung über die zusammensetzung einiger mineralien // Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1842. Vol. 27. Iss. 1. Р. 375–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.18420270156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Jing, Koenig Jr.G.M. Direct lithium extraction using intercalation materials. Chemistry–A European Journal. 2024;30(4):e202302776. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202302776. EDN: QCJNUW.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serna C.J., Rendon J.L., Iglesias J.E. Crystal-chemical study of layered [Al2Li(OH)6]+X−·nH2O // Clays and Clay Minerals.1982. Vol. 30. Iss. 3. Р. 180–184. https://doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1982.0300303. EDN: ARHFUU.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochstetter C. Untersuchung über die zusammensetzung einiger mineralien. Journal für Praktische Chemie. 1842;27(1):375-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.18420270156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капустин А.Е. Неорганические аниониты // Успехи химии. 1991. Т. 60. № 12. С. 2685–2717. https://doi.org/10.1070/RC1991v060n12ABEH001155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serna C.J., Rendon J.L., Iglesias J.E. Crystal-chemical study of layered [Al2Li(OH)6]+X−·nH2O. Clays and Clay Minerals.1982;30(3):180-184. https://doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1982.0300303. EDN: ARHFUU.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Jun, Luo Qinglong, Dong Mingzhe, Nie Guoliang, Liu Zhong, Wu Zhijian. Synthesis of granulated Li/Al-LDHs adsorbent and application for recovery of Li from synthetic and real saltlake brines // Hydrometallurgy. 2022. Vol. 209. Р. 105828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105828. EDN: JBIJCU.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapustin A.E. Inorganic anion exchangers. Russian Chemical Reviews. 1991;60(12):2685–2717.  (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1070/RC1991v060n12ABEH001155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo Qinglong, Mingzhe Dong, Nie Guoliang, Liu Zhong, Wu Zhijian, Li Jun. Extraction of lithium from salt lake brines by granulated adsorbents // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021. Vol. 628. Р. 127256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127256. EDN: UCJREX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Jun, Luo Qinglong, Dong Mingzhe, Nie Guoliang, Liu Zhong, Wu Zhijian. Synthesis of granulated Li/Al LDHs adsorbent and application for recovery of Li from synthetic and real saltlake brines. Hydrometallurgy. 2022;209:105828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105828. EDN: JBIJCU.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paranthaman M.P., Li Ling, Luo Jiaqi, Hoke T., Ucar H., Moyer B.A., et al. Recovery of lithium from geothermal brine with lithium–aluminum layered double hydroxide chloride sorbents // Environmental Science and Technology. 2017. Vol. 51. Iss. 22. Р. 13481–13486. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03464. EDN: YKBOAA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo Qinglong, Mingzhe Dong, Nie Guoliang, Liu Zhong, Wu Zhijian, Li Jun. Extraction of lithium from salt lake brines by granulated adsorbents. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021;628:127256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127256. EDN: UCJREX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong Jing, Lin Sen, Yu Jianguo. Lithium recovery from ultrahigh Mg2+/Li+ ratio brine using a novel granulated Li/ Al-LDHs adsorbent // Separation and Purification Technology. 2021. Vol. 256. Р. 117780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117780. EDN: DYMNHS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paranthaman M.P., Li Ling, Luo Jiaqi, Hoke T., Ucar H., Moyer B.A., et al. Recovery of lithium from geothermal brine with lithium–aluminum layered double hydroxide chloride sorbents. Environmental Science and Technology. 2017;51(22):13481-13486. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03464. EDN: YKBOAA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Lili, Li Ling, Evans S.F., Eskander T.A., Moyer B.A., Hu Zhichao, et al. Lithium aluminum‐layered double hydroxide chlorides (LDH): formation enthalpies and energetics for lithium ion capture // Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2019. Vol. 102. Iss. 5. Р. 2398–2404. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong Jing, Lin Sen, Yu Jianguo. Lithium recovery from ultrahigh Mg2+/Li+ ratio brine using a novel granulated Li/Al-LDHs adsorbent. Separation and Purification Technology. 2021;256:117780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117780. EDN: DYMNHS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isupov V.P., Kotsupalo N.P., Nemudry A.P., Menzeres L.T. Aluminium hydroxide as selective sorbent of lithium salts from brines and technical solutions // Studies in surface science and catalysis. 1999. Vol. 120А. Р. 621–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(99)80567-9. EDN: LFMMWH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Lili, Li Ling, Evans S.F., Eskander T.A., Moyer B.A., Hu Zhichao, et al. Lithium aluminum‐layered double hydroxide chlorides (LDH): formation enthalpies and energetics for lithium ion capture. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2019;102(5):2398-2404. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong Jing, Lin Sen, Yu Jianguo. Li+ adsorption performance and mechanism using lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides in low grade brines // Desalination. 2021. Vol. 505. Р. 114983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114983. EDN: VTOMNU.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isupov V.P., Kotsupalo N.P., Nemudry A.P., Menzeres L.T. Aluminium hydroxide as selective sorbent of lithium salts from brines and technical solutions. Studies in surface science and catalysis. 1999;120А:621-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(99)80567-9. EDN: LFMMWH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong Jing, Lin Sen, Yu Jianguo. Effects of excessive lithium deintercalation on Li+ adsorption performance and structural stability of lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides // Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2020. Vol. 572. Р. 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.081. EDN: BHEWSW.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong Jing, Lin Sen, Yu Jianguo. Li+ adsorption performance and mechanism using lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides in low grade brines. Desalination. 2021;505:114983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.114983. EDN: VTOMNU.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Dongdong, Zhang Ning, Gao Dandan, Zhuang Ziyu, Zeng Dewen. Phase chemistry for hydration sensitive (de) intercalation of lithium aluminum layered double hydroxide chlorides // ACS Materials Au. 2023. Vol. 4. Iss. 1. Р. 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00063. EDN: UOSSQO.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong Jing, Lin Sen, Yu Jianguo. Effects of excessive lithium deintercalation on Li+ adsorption performance and structural stability of lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2020;572:107-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.081. EDN: BHEWSW.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев С.В., Алексеева Л.П., Гладков А.С., Трифонов Н.С., Серебряков Е.В., Павлов С.С. [и др.]. Рассолы глубоких горизонтов кимберлитовой трубки Удачная // Геодинамика и тектонофизика. 2018. Т. 9. № 4. С. 1235 1253. https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2018-9-4-0393. EDN: XSUIEX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Dongdong, Zhang Ning, Gao Dandan, Zhuang Ziyu, Zeng Dewen. Phase chemistry for hydration sensitive (de) intercalation of lithium aluminum layered double hydroxide chlorides. ACS Materials Au. 2023;4(1):45-54. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00063. EDN: UOSSQO.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вольдман Г.М. Основы экстракционных и ионообменных процессов в металлургии. М.: Металлургия, 1983. 376 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev S.V., Alekseeva L.P., Gladkov A.S., Trifonov N.S., Serebryakov E.V., Pavlov S.S., et al. Brines in deep horizons of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. Geodynamics and Tectonophysics. 2018;9(4):1235-1253. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.5800/GT-2018-9-4-0393. EDN: XSUIEX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shannon R.D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides // Foundations of Crystallography. 1976. Vol. А32. Iss. 5. Р. 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voldman G.M. Fundamentals of extraction and ion-exchange processes in metallurgy. Moscow: Metallurgy; 1983, 376 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid R., Miah A.M., Sapunov V.N. A new table of the thermodynamic quantities of ionic hydration: values and some applications (enthalpy–entropy compensation and Born radii) // Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2000. Vol. 2. Iss. 1. Р. 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1039/a907160a. EDN: LFXXEX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shannon R.D. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Foundations of Crystallography. 1976;А32(5):751-767. https://doi.org/10.1107/ S0567739476001551.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid R., Miah A.M., Sapunov V.N. A new table of the thermodynamic quantities of ionic hydration: values and some applications (enthalpy–entropy compensation and Born radii). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2000;2(1):97-102. https://doi.org/10.1039/a907160a. EDN: LFXXEX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid R., Miah A.M., Sapunov V.N. A new table of the thermodynamic quantities of ionic hydration: values and some applications (enthalpy–entropy compensation and Born radii). Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2000;2(1):97-102. https://doi.org/10.1039/a907160a. EDN: LFXXEX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
