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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2025-1-82-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-915</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обнаружение потенциальных неисправностей фотоэлектрических модулей в реальных условиях эксплуатации по их вольт-амперным характеристикам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>I-V curves for detecting faults of operating photovoltaic modules</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-8790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирпичникова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirpichnikova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирпичникова Ирина Михайловна, д.т.н., профессор, профессор кафедры электрических станций, сетей и систем электроснабжения</p><p>454080, г. Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Kirpichnikova, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Power Plants, Networks and Power Supply Systems</p><p>76, Lenin pr., Chelyabinsk 454080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirpichnikovaim@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заварухин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavarukhin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заварухин Владимир Александрович, аспирант</p><p>454080, г. Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Zavarukhin, Postgraduate Student</p><p>76, Lenin pr., Chelyabinsk 454080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zavaruhin-425@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6415-2935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серов Виктор Алексеевич, аспирант</p><p>454080, г. Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Serov, Postgraduate Student</p><p>76, Lenin pr., Chelyabinsk 454080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">va_serov99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кирпичникова И.М., Заварухин В.А., Серов В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кирпичникова И.М., Заварухин В.А., Серов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kirpichnikova I.M., Zavarukhin V.A., Serov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/915">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/915</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – провести экспериментальное исследование по локализации возможных дефектов фотоэлектрического модуля, оперируя данными полученных вольт-амперных характеристик. Исследование реакции фотоэлектрического модуля на изменение внешних и внутренних факторов в условиях городской среды г. Челябинск. Для проведения измерений и контроля состояния модуля использовался программный комплекс IV Swinger 2, считывающий данные с модуля для построения вольт-амперных характеристик и определения точки максимальной мощности в режиме реального времени. Имитация изменения внутренних параметров модуля производилась при помощи подключения добавочных сопротивлений разного номинала к внешним выводам модуля, установленным для проведения экспериментов. В результате проведенных исследований была показана связь между изменением формы вольт-амперной характеристики фотоэлектрического модуля и добавочным сопротивлением, включаемым как последовательно, так и параллельно в различные участки электрической цепи модуля. Сопротивление имитирует основные неисправности согласно приведенной классификации. Установлено, что при наличии добавочного сопротивления в цепи ячеек момент перехода шунтирующего диода в проводящее состояние соответствовал интервалу значений от 0,71 до 1,06 Ом, в то время как при добавочном сопротивлении в цепи между модулями сопротивление может расти в широком диапазоне значений и диод не перейдет в проводящее состояние. Установлено, что наличие добавочного сопротивления способно снизить генерацию фотоэлектрического модуля. Оценено влияние различного уровня затенения ячеек на выработку энергии модулем. Установлено, что при наличии результирующего шунтирующего сопротивления для всех ячеек одного модуля угол наклона характеристики растет по мере уменьшения сопротивления, так как растут токи утечки. Таким образом, оперируя данными вольт-амперных характеристик и угла наклона вблизи точек максимальной мощности, можно проанализировать и выявить возникающие неисправности фотоэлектрического модуля и провести оценку значения его сопротивления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present paper focuses on I-V curves for localizing possible defects in a photovoltaic module. The study considers the response of a photovoltaic module to changes in external and internal factors of the urban environment in Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation. To carry out measurements and control the module condition, we use the IV Swinger 2 software package reading data from the module to plot I-V curves and determine the maximum power point in real time. Changes in the internal parameters of the module are simulated by connecting additional resistances of different values to the external terminals of the experimental module. The conducted research has demonstrated additional resistance changing the shape of the I-V curve of the photovoltaic module regardless the type of connection and electrical circuit section of the module. This resistance simulates the main faults according to the given classiﬁcation. Additional resistance in the cell circuit makes the shunt diode a conductor in the range of values from 0.71 to 1.06 Ohm. If additional resistance is installed between modules, the resistance can increase in a wide range of values without the diode transition to the conducting state. Additional resistance can reduce the power generation of a photovoltaic module. Therefore, we have assessed the impact of different cell shading levels on the module power generation. Given the resulting shunt resistance for all cells of one module, the slope of the I-V curve is inversely proportional to resistance due to the increased current leakage. Thus, the data of the I-V curve and the slope angle near the maximum power points is appropriate to identify and analyze the emerging faults of the photovoltaic module by evaluating its resistance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотоэлектрический модуль</kwd><kwd>вольт-амперная характеристика</kwd><kwd>добавочное сопротивление</kwd><kwd>дефекты</kwd><kwd>деградация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>photovoltaic module</kwd><kwd>I-V characteristic</kwd><kwd>additional resistance</kwd><kwd>faults</kwd><kwd>degradation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирпичникова И.М., Заварухин В.А., Слетова Е.Д. Выбор параметров вольтамперной характеристики для определения возможных причин деградации фотоэлектрических модулей // Энергобезопасность и энергосбережение. 2024. № 3. С. 15–21. 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