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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2024-1-111-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PHOEXF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-800</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация объединения нейронных сетей для прогнозирования фотоэлектрической энергии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neural network fusion optimization for photovoltaic power forecasting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лю</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лю Cун, аспирант</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Song Liu, Postgraduate Student</p><p>83 Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1972087620@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парихар</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parihar</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Парихар Картик Сингх, аспирант</p><p>247667, г. Рурки, штат Уттаранчал</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karthik S. Parihar,  Postgraduate Student</p><p>Roorkee, Uttaranchal 247667</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ks_parihar@ee.iitr.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патхак</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pathak</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Патхак Микеш Кумар, профессор, заведующий кафедрой электротехники</p><p>247667, г. Рурки, штат Уттаранчал</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukesh K. Pathak, Professor, Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering</p><p>Roorkee, Uttaranchal 247667</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mukesh.pathak@ee.iitr.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-1325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидоров Денис Николаевич, д-р ф.-м. наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник, Отдел прикладной математики; профессор Лаборатории промышленной математики БИ БРИКС</p><p>664033, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 130</p><p>664074, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis N. Sidorov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher, Applied Mathematics Department; Professor of the Laboratory of Industrial Mathematics of the Baikal School of BRICS</p><p>130 Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664033</p><p>83 Lermontov St., Irkutsk 664074</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">contact.dns@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Индийский технологический институт Рурки</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Индийский технологический институт Рурки</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Indian institute of Technology Roorkee</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт систем энергетики им. Л.А. Мелентьева СО РАН; Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Melentiev Energy Systems Institute SB RAS; Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лю С., Парихар К., Патхак М., Сидоров Д.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лю С., Парихар К., Патхак М., Сидоров Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liu S., Parihar K., Pathak M., Sidorov D.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/800">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/800</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью является проведение исследований в области прогнозирования выработки солнечных электростанций. В качестве объекта исследования предложена ансамблевая нейросетевая прогнозная модель ADWM на основе взвешенных нейронных сетей: сети долгой краткосрочной памяти LSTM, рекуррентной нейронной сети RNN и полносвязной нейронной сети DNN. При этом для поиска оптимальных весов использован метод безусловной оптимизации Нелдера-Мида для получения лучшей предсказательной эффективности прогнозной модели. С целью валидации предложенной прогнозной модели использованы реальные данные о выработке солнечных электростанций на основе фотоэлектрических панелей и метеорологические данные из Австралии за период – один год. Для имитации условий неустойчивой низкой инсоляции использована аугментация данных, добавление шума к набору данных. Анализ прогнозных моделей на реальных временных рядах показал, что в разные сезоны как данные выработки, так и наиболее значимые признаки существенно различаются. Установлено, что точность прогнозирования разных нейросетевых моделей в различные сезоны может существенно варьироваться. Результаты прогнозирования показывают, что предложенная комплексная модель имеет более высокую точность прогнозирования, чем отдельные модели в экстремальных погодных условиях. Для проверки надежности предложенной модели использовано скользящее окно для извлечения доверительного интервала и метод Bootstrap для расчета доверительного интервала. Таким образом, экспериментальным путем установлено, что точность и надежность прогнозирования комплексированной прогнозной нейросетевой модели ADWM выше, чем у традиционных нейросетевых моделей. Проведенные исследования позволят более эффективно использовать углеродно-нейтральные источники фотоэлектрической энергии и планировать работу энергосистем с распределенной генерацией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper aims to establish a comprehensive photovoltaic power generation prediction model. By collecting photovoltaic power generation data and weather data for a year, we analyzed the photovoltaic output characteristics in different seasons and found that the output characteristics in different seasons are also different. This article uses three neural network models, Long Short Term Memory Network, Recurrent Neural Network, and Dense Neural Network, to analyze the output characteristics of different seasons. Training, prediction, and prediction error analysis found that different models have different prediction accuracy in different seasons. Therefore, this paper proposes a weighted ensemble model add weights model based on the Nelder-Mead method to train and predict different seasons respectively. By analyzing the prediction error, the prediction accuracy needs to be better than a single model. We add noise to the data set to simulate unstable lighting conditions such as rainy days, and train and predict the data set after adding noise. The prediction results show that the comprehensive model has higher prediction accuracy than a single model in extreme weather. In order to verify the reliability of the model, this article uses a sliding window to extract the confidence interval of the prediction results, and uses the Bootstrap method to calculate the confidence interval. By analyzing and comparing each model’s Average Coverage, Root Mean Squared Length, and Mean Width, the prediction accuracy and reliability of add weights model are better than those of a single model.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогноз мощности фотоэлектрических систем</kwd><kwd>нейросеть долгой краткосрочной памяти</kwd><kwd>рекуррентная нейросеть</kwd><kwd>полносвязная нейросеть</kwd><kwd>метод Нелдера-Мида</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>photovoltaic power forecast</kwd><kwd>long short term memory</kwd><kwd>recurrent neural network</kwd><kwd>dense neural network</kwd><kwd>Nelder-Mead method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qazi A., Hussain F., Rahim N.A.B.D., Hardaker G., Alghazzawi D, Shaban K., et al. 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