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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2023-3-583-597</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZJTACR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-739</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Производство глинозема: исторические этапы развития, проблемы и пути их решения. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Alumina production: Historical development, issues, and solutions. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1708-5624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бричкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brichkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бричкин Вячеслав Николаевич, д.т.н., профессор, проректор по подготовке научных кадров</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, о-в Васильевский, 21 линия, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav N. Brichkin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Vice-Rector for Scientific Personnel Training</p><p>2, 21 line, St. Petersburg 199106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Brichkin_VN@pers.spmi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Владимир Викторович, к.т.н., доцент, декан факультета аспирантуры и докторантуры</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, о-в Васильевский, 21 линия, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Vasiliev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies</p><p>2, 21 line, St. Petersburg 199106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vasilev_VV@pers.spmi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-0713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимова Регина Игоревна, аспирант</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, о-в Васильевский, 21 линия, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina I. Maksimova, Postgraduate Student</p><p>2, 21 line, St. Petersburg 199106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Maksimova_RI@pers.spmi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский горный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg Mining University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>583</fpage><lpage>597</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бричкин В.Н., Васильев В.В., Максимова Р.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бричкин В.Н., Васильев В.В., Максимова Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Brichkin V.N., Vasiliev V.V., Maksimova R.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/739">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/739</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – уточнение известных исторических этапов производства алюминия и глинозема до перехода к современной отраслевой структуре с использованием электрометаллургического способа Эру-Холла и их технической  значимости  в  контексте  современного  металлургического  комплекса.  Анализ  исторических  этапов формирования научного знания о глиноземе, алюминии и технологии их производства при использовании химических способов получения металлического алюминия, включая классификацию и технический анализ используемых технологических процессов, и их сырьевой базы. Показано, что формирование научного знания о глиноземе и алюминии преимущественно связано с практической потребностью использования квасцов и отчасти глинистых минералов. Высокая термодинамическая устойчивость соединений алюминия и отсутствие дешевых источников электроэнергии с момента целенаправленного поиска методов его получения в элементарном состоянии и практически до 90-х годов XIX в. являются причинами развития и применения металлотермических способов, пионером освоения которых стал Анри Сент-Клер Девиль и его коллеги. Установлено, что с 1854 по 1890 г. производство алюминия химическим способом было связано с использованием двойного хлорида (NaCl·AlCl3), природного криолита или синтезированных фтористых солей. В качестве исходных материалов в этот период использовались готовые технические реагенты (сульфат алюминия, аммиачные квасцы, гидроксид алюминия) и природное сырье (криолит, боксит, глина), а добыча и переработка боксита были преимущественно связаны с производством квасцов и сульфата алюминия, потребляемых легкой промышленностью. Несмотря на ограниченный спрос в чистом оксиде алюминия на этапе металлотермического получения алюминия, движущей силой развития современных технологий производства глинозема стала потребность в химической продукции, что обеспечило разработку и освоение технологических процессов переработки бокситов, составляющих основу металлургического комплекса с получением алюминия способом Эру-Холла.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study focuses on documenting the historical stages of aluminium and alumina production prior to the transition to a modern industry structure, involving the Hall-Héroult electrometallurgical process, and their technical signiﬁcance for the contemporary metallurgical complex. It highlights the signiﬁcance of these stages in the development of scientiﬁc knowledge related to alumina, aluminium, and their production technology when using chemical methods for obtaining metallic aluminium. The analysis includes aspects, such as classiﬁcation, technical evaluation of the processes, and the raw material base. It is shown that the formation of scientiﬁc knowledge regarding alumina and aluminium is mainly associated with the practical need for using alum and, to some extent, clay minerals. Since the commencement of deliberate research into methods for aluminium production in its elemental state and virtually until the 1890s, aluminium was primarily produced using the metallothermal methods pioneered by Henri St. Clair Deville and his colleagues due to the high thermodynamic stability of aluminium compounds and the absence of affordable energy sources. It was found that from 1854 to 1890, the production of aluminium by chemical method was associated with the use of sodium aluminium chloride (NaCl·AlCl3), natural cryolite, or synthesised ﬂuoride salts. Available technical reagents (aluminium sulphate, ammonia alum, and aluminium hydroxide), along with natural raw materials (cryolite, bauxite, and clay), were used as source materials in this period. The extraction and processing of bauxite were primarily associated with the production of alum and aluminium sulphate consumed by light industry. Although the demand for pure aluminium oxide was limited during the metallothermic production of aluminium, the driving force behind the advancement of modern technologies for alumina production was the demand for chemical products. This demand led to the development of technology for processing bauxite, which forms the foundation of the metallurgical complex in aluminium production using the Hall-Héroult electrometallurgical method.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>производство глинозема и алюминия</kwd><kwd>исторические этапы развития</kwd><kwd>сырье</kwd><kwd>технологии</kwd><kwd>исследования и разработки</kwd><kwd>проблемы и пути их решения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>production of alumina and aluminum</kwd><kwd>historical stages of development</kwd><kwd>raw materials</kwd><kwd>technologies</kwd><kwd>research and development</kwd><kwd>problems and ways to solve them</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев А.И., Рапопорт М.Б., Хазанов Е.И. Алюминий. 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