ipolytechiPolytech JournaliPolytech Journal2782-40042782-6341Irkutsk National Research Technical University10.21285/1814-3520-2023-2-392-421ipolytech-713Research ArticleМЕТАЛЛУРГИЯMETALLURGYМетоды удаления хлорид-ионов при производстве цинка из пыли электродуговой плавкиMethods for removing chloride ions to manufacture zinc from arc melting dustБлудоваД. И.BludovaD. I.

Блудова Дана Иршековна - ассистент кафедры металлургии цветных металлов.

620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Dana I. Bludova - Assistant Professor of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals Metallurgy.

19, Mira St., Ekaterinburg 620002

dana.bludova@urfu.ruМамяченковС. В.MamyachenkovS. V.

Мамяченков Сергей Владимирович - доктор технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий кафедрой металлургии цветных металлов.

620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Sergey V. Mamyachenkov - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher, Head of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals Metallurgy.

19, Mira St., Ekaterinburg 620002

svmamyachenkov@yandex.ruАнисимоваО. С.AnisimovaO. S.

Анисимова Ольга Сергеевна – кандидат химических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры металлургии цветных металлов.

620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Olga S. Anisimova - Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals Metallurgy.

19, Mira St., Ekaterinburg 620002

osanis@mail.ruУральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б.Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. YeltsinRussian Federation202307072023272392421Copyright © Блудова Д.И., Мамяченков С.В., Анисимова О.С., 20232023Блудова Д.И., Мамяченков С.В., Анисимова О.С.Bludova D.I., Mamyachenkov S.V., Anisimova O.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/713

Цель – провести обзор литературных источников с целью поиска технологии, применимой на практике для производства катодного цинка из сложного по химическому составу техногенного хлорсодержащего сырья, в частности, из пыли электродуговой плавки. На основе литературного обзора опубликованных данных исследований российских и зарубежных ученых проведен поиск методов очистки технологических растворов с высокой концентрацией хлорид-ионов, полученных в результате гидрометаллургической обработки техногенных пылей электродуговой плавки. Показано, что большинство способов очистки имеют существенные ограничения, основные из которых: строгие требования к кислотности обрабатываемого раствора, недостаточная эффективность процесса обработки, вторичное загрязнение среды освобождаемыми хлорид-ионами и высокая стоимость реагентов или оборудования. По результатам анализа опубликованных данных описаны как способы снижения содержания хлора в исходной пыли, поступающей на переработку, так и методы дехлорирования технологических растворов, основанные на принципах осаждения, ионного обмена, сорбции и окисления. Дополнительно обобщены опубликованные данные и проанализированы экспериментальные результаты по удалению хлора из технологических стоков и растворов различной природы. В результате проведенного анализа литературных источников проведено сравнение применяющихся на промышленных предприятиях и недавно изученных лабораторных методов дехлорирования растворов с точки зрения доступности их для внедрения, экономической эффективности и степени удаления хлорид-ионов. Как результат, недостатки существующих процессов переработки техногенного хлорсодержащего сырья электродуговой плавки может решить разработка крупномасштабных, устойчивых и недорогих гибридных технологий, базирующихся на принципах экстракции, ионного обмена и осаждения.

In this work, we review literature sources to identify an industrial-scale technology for manufacturing cathode zinc from technogenic chlorine-containing raw materials of a complex chemical composition, in particular, from arc melting dust. The conducted review of Russian and foreign publications was used to search for a method of purifying process solutions with a high concentration of chloride ions produced by hydrometallurgical processing of technogenic arc melting dusts. It was found that the existing purification methods are associated with substantial limitations, including strict requirements for the acidity of the treated solution, low efficiency of treatment, secondary contamination of the medium by released chloride ions, and the high cost of reagents or equipment. Approaches to reducing the chlorine content in the initial dust and dechlorination of process solutions based on principles of sedimentation, ion exchange, sorption, and oxidation are described. In addition, we analyzed information published on chlorine removal from process effluents and solutions of various nature. Industrially-implemented and recently-reported laboratory methods of solution dechlorination were compared in terms of their feasibility, economic efficiency, and extent of chloride ion removal. It was concluded that the disadvantages of existing methods for processing technogenic chlorine-containing raw materials of arc melting can be eliminated by developing large, stable, and cheap hydride technologies based on principles of extraction, ion exchange, and sedimentation.

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