ipolytechiPolytech JournaliPolytech Journal2782-40042782-6341Irkutsk National Research Technical University10.21285/1814-3520-2022-3-415-425ipolytech-625Research ArticleЭНЕРГЕТИКАPOWER ENGINEERINGПрименение адаптивного регулятора скорости вращения гидрогенератора с учетом технологического состояния турбины КапланаApplication of an adaptive controller for controlling the rotational velocity of hydrogenerators taking into account the technological state of a Kaplan turbinehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-2558АчитаевА. А.AchitaevA. A.

Ачитаев Андрей Александрович, кандидат технических наук, заведующий кафедрой гидроэнергетики, гидроэлектростанций, электроэнергетических систем и электрических сетей

655619, г. Саяногорск, рп. Черѐмушки, 46, Россия

Andrey A. Achitaev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Department of Hydropower, Hydroelectric Power Plants, Electric Power Systems and Electric Networks

46, Cheryomushki settlement, Sayanogorsk 655619, Russia

aachitaev@shf-sfu.ruВалецкаяА. И.ValetskayaA. I.

Валецкая Анастасия Ивановна, старший преподаватель кафедры гидроэнергетики, гидроэлектростанций, электроэнергетических систем и электрических сетей

655619, г. Саяногорск, рп. Черѐмушки, 46, Россия

Anastasia I. Valetskaya, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Hydropower, Hydroelectric Power Plants, Electric Power Systems and Electric Networks

46, Cheryomushki settlement, Sayanogorsk 655619, Russia

polezhaeva.nastya2011@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4514-7925НосковМ. Ф.NoskovM. F.

Носков Михаил Фёдорович, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры гидроэнергетики, гидроэлектростанций, электроэнергетических систем и электрических сетей

655619, г. Саяногорск, рп. Черѐмушки, 46, Россия

Mikhail F. Noskov, Dr. Sc. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Hydropower, Hydroelectric Power Plants, Electric Power Systems and Electric Networks

46, Cheryomushki settlement, Sayanogorsk 655619, Russia

eggl@rambler.ruТатарниковВ. И.TatarnikovV. I.

Татарников Василий Иванович, доцент кафедры гидроэнергетики, гидроэлектростанций, электроэнергетических систем и электрических сетей

655619, г. Саяногорск, рп. Черѐмушки, 46, Россия

Vasily I. Tatarnikov, Associate Professor of the Department of Hydropower, Hydroelectric Power Plants, Electric Power Systems and Electric Networks

46, Cheryomushki settlement, Sayanogorsk 655619, Russia

tvi_ger@inbox.ruСаяно-Шушенский филиал Сибирского федерального университетаРоссияSiberian Federal University, Sayano-Shushensky branch, Cheremushki settlementRussian Federation202208102022263415425Copyright © Ачитаев А.А., Валецкая А.И., Носков М.Ф., Татарников В.И., 20222022Ачитаев А.А., Валецкая А.И., Носков М.Ф., Татарников В.И.Achitaev A.A., Valetskaya A.I., Noskov M.F., Tatarnikov V.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/625

Цель – оценка влияния протечек масла в турбине на основные параметры энергосистемы. Объектом исследования послужили реактивные гидравлические турбины с поворотно-лопастными рабочими колесами (турбины Каплана), установленные на гидроэлектростанциях Майнская, Нижне-Бурейская, Вилюйская. Основные теоретические соотношения и выводы получены методами математического моделирования и интегрального исчисления с использованием программного комплекса MATLAB. В данной работе предложен способ контроля над протечками в корпусе поворотно-лопастного рабочего колеса, внедрение которого сглаживает колебания изменений различных параметров (амплитуда, скорость вращения, фазовый угол, активная мощность, ток генератора) энергосистемы в случае протечек масла. Данный контроль предлагается сделать с помощью датчика, установленного в рабочем колесе, оптоволоконного кабеля и оптико-электрического преобразователя, расположенных от лопастей рабочего колеса вверх по валу и выведенных в маслоприемник соответствующего гидроагрегата. Проведенный анализ составленной математической модели (построены амплитудно-частотные и амплитудно-фазовые характеристики) относительно основных параметров вырабатываемой гидроагрегатом электрической энергии показал, что предложенный способ контроля протечек масла способствует повышению устойчивости работы гидроагрегата. При разработке модели были учтены следующие параметры гидроагрегата: угол поворота лопастей рабочего колеса и угол открытия направляющего аппарата гидротурбины. Разработанная блок-схема позволяет провести сравнение изменения параметров без контроля над протечками масла и с учетом автоматизированной системы контроля, предложенной авторами. Показано, что с помощью логарифмической амплитудно-фазовой характеристики, полученной в результате применения математической модели, можно проследить изменение и сглаживание амплитуды в нормальных условиях и с учетом наличия расхода масла в корпусе гидротурбины.

The impact of oil leakages in a turbine on the main power system parameters is investigated in reactive hydraulic turbines with adjustable-blade runners (Kaplan turbines) installed at Maynskaya, Nizhne-Bureiskaya and Vilyuyskaya hydroelectric power plants. The main theoretical relations and conclusions were obtained by the methods of mathematical simulation and integral calculations in the MATLAB software environment. A method is proposed for monitoring leakages in the housing of an adjustable-blade runner and smoothing the fluctuations of various parameters (amplitude, rotational velocity, phase angle, active power and generator current) of the power system in the case of oil leak-ages. The control is performed by means of a sensor installed in the runner, a fiber-optic cable and an optical-electrical converter located along the shaft from the runner blades to the oil receiver of the corresponding hydraulic unit. The performed analysis of the obtained mathematical model (frequency response and Nyquist plots were built) relative to the basic parameters of the electrical energy generated by a hydraulic unit showed that the proposed method of monitoring oil leakages contributes to an increase in the operational stability of a hydraulic unit. When constructing the model, the following parameters of the hydraulic unit were taken into account: rotational angle of runner blades and opening angle of hydraulic turbine guide vanes. The developed block diagram can be used to compare variations in the parameters both without oil leakage control and taking into account the automated control system proposed by the authors. It is shown that the obtained logarithmic Nyquist plot can be used to monitor variations in the amplitude, as well as its smoothening, both under normal conditions and taking into account oil leakages in the hydraulic turbine housing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.