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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2021-2-235-251</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ И МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о применении твердых электродов для электролиза криолитоглиноземных расплавов. Часть 3. Распределение электрического поля на электродах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the question of using solid electrodes in the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts. Part 3. Electric field distribution on the electrodes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горланов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorlanov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горланов Евгений Сергеевич - доктор технических наук, заместитель генерального директора.</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, Средний просп. В.О., 86/А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy S. Gorlanov - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy General Director.</p><p>86/A, Sredniy pr., V.O. Saint-Petersburg 199106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorlanove@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поляков Андрей Александрович – аспирант.</p><p>191119, Санкт-Петербург, Транспортный пер., 9/30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Polyakov - Postgraduate Student.</p><p>9/30 Transportny lane, Saint Petersburg 191119</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polyakovandrej@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЭКСПЕРТ-АЛ, ООО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>EXPERT-AL, LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский горный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Mining University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>235</fpage><lpage>251</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горланов Е.С., Поляков А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горланов Е.С., Поляков А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorlanov E.S., Polyakov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/480">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/480</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель - выявление теоретических ограничений электролиза расплавленных солей с применением твердых электродов для их преодоления на практике. Приложение теории распределения электрического поля на электродах в водных растворах к прогнозированию распределения плотности тока и потенциала на поликристаллической поверхности электродов в расплавленных солях. Сопряжением теоретических основ распределения плотности тока с тривиальными законами формирования потенциала на поверхности электродов получены основания и определена последовательность численных исследований процессов электролиза в междуполюсном зазоре. Применение метода позволило установить особенности краевого эффекта концентрации тока на периферии гладких электродов и распределения плотности тока и потенциала на неоднородной поверхности электродов. Моделированием различных сценариев взаимодействия параметров электролиза установлена их функциональная связь и проявление на гладкой и шероховатой поверхности электродов. Показано, что с увеличением поляризации катода, оптимизацией концентрации глинозема и циркуляции расплава можно снизить неоднородное распределение тока и потенциала на поверхности электродов с исходной шероховатостью. При этом очевидно, что при длительном электролизе могут развиваться физическая и химическая неоднородности, что аннулирует все попытки стабилизировать процесс. Теоретически установленная взаимосвязь краевого эффекта и шероховатости с распределением плотности тока и потенциала на твердых электродах может выступать первичной и обобщающей причиной их повышенного расхода, пассивации и дестабилизации электролиза в стандартных и легкоплавких электролитах. И в то же время эта функциональная связь может служить основой для разработки способов выравнивания распределения электрического поля по площади анодов и катодов и, следовательно, стабилизации электролитического процесса. Литературный обзор, лабораторная практика и теоретические расчеты позволили сформулировать принцип организации стабильного электролитического процесса -комплексное применение электродов эллиптической формы и электрохимическое микроборирование катодов. Практическое подтверждение этого предположения - одно из возможных направлений последующих теоретических и лабораторных исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work is to identify the theoretical limitations of molten salts electrolysis using solid electrodes to overcome these limitations in practice. We applied the theory of electric field distribution on the electrodes in aqueous solutions to predict the distribution of current density and potential on the polycrystalline surface of electrodes in molten salts. By combining the theoretical background of the current density distribution with the basic laws of potential formation on the surface of the electrodes, we determined and validated the sequence of numerical studies of electrolytic processes in the pole gap. The application of the method allowed the characteristics of the current concentration edge effect at the periphery of smooth electrodes and the distribution of current density and potential on the heterogeneous electrode surface to be determined. The functional relationship and development of the electrolysis parameters on the smooth and rough surfaces of electrodes were established by the different scenario simulations of their interaction. It was shown that it is possible to reduce the nonuniformity of the current and potential distribution on the initially rough surface of electrodes with an increase in the cathode polarisation, alumina concentration optimisation and melt circulation. It is, nonetheless, evident that with prolonged electrolysis, physical and chemical inhomogeneity can develop, nullifying all attempts to stabilise the process. We theoretically established a relationship between the edge effect and roughness and the distribution of the current density and potential on solid electrodes, which can act as a primary and generalising reason for their increased consumption, passivation and electrolytic process destabilisation in standard and low-melting electrolytes. This functional relationship can form a basis for developing the methods of flattening the electric field distribution over the anodes and cathodes area and, therefore, stabilising the electrolytic process. Literature overview, laboratory tests and theoretical calculations allowed the organising principle of a stable electrolytic process to be formulated -the combined application of elliptical electrodes and the electrochemical micro-borating of the cathodes. Practical verification of this assumption is one direction for further theoretical and laboratory research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электролиз</kwd><kwd>тверды электроды</kwd><kwd>физическая неоднородность</kwd><kwd>пассивация катода</kwd><kwd>инертные аноды</kwd><kwd>смачиваемые катоды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrolysis</kwd><kwd>solid electrodes</kwd><kwd>physical imperfection</kwd><kwd>cathode passivation</kwd><kwd>inert anodes</kwd><kwd>wettable cathodes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кругликов С.С., Титова Н.В., Некрасова Н.Е., Кругликова Е.С., Тележкина А.В., Бродский В.А. [и др.] Прогнозирование микрораспределения скорости электроосаждения металла из электролитов с положительной и отрицательной выравнивающей способностью // Электрохимия. 2019. Т. 55. № 1. 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