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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2021-1-108-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ И МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о применении твердых электродов для электролиза криолитоглиноземных расплавов. Часть 2. Механизм пассивации и условия стабильного электролиза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the question of using solid electrodes in the electrolysis  of cryolite-alumina melts. Part 2. The mechanism of passivation  and conditions of stable electrolysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горланов</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorlanov</surname><given-names>Е. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горланов Евгений Сергеевич,  доктор технических наук,  заместитель генерального директора</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург,  Средний просп. В.О., 86/А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy S. Gorlanov,  Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy General Director</p><p>86/A, Sredniy pr., V.O. Saint-Petersburg 199106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorlanove@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ЭКСПЕРТ-АЛ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>EXPERT-AL LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горланов Е.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горланов Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorlanov Е.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/469">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/469</self-uri><abstract><p> Цель – исследование механизма пассивации поликристаллических катодов и экспериментальное подтверждение способа стабильного электролиза с применением твердых электродов. В лабораторных условиях экспериментально исследуется механизм пассивирования катодов и условия стабильного ведения процесса электролиза с привлечением рентгенофазового анализа и электронно-микроскопических исследований использованных электродов. В процессе электролиза криолитоглиноземных расплавов установлено, что при наличии поверхностной микро- и макродефектности на твердом катоде последовательно формируется осадок из примесей и составляющих электролита. В созданных условиях эксперимента поверхность углеродного катода пассивировалась плотным двуслойным осадком из СаВ6 и составляющих электролита. На примере углеродного катода, содержащего титан в металлическом виде и в виде его оксидов, представлен способ устранения поверхностной микродефектности электродов, заключающийся в электрохимическом борировании углеродтитанового катода. Спектральным электронно-микроскопическим и энергодисперсион ным методами анализов установлено, что в течение 45-часового лабораторного эксперимента при 980°С и плотности тока 0,7 А/см2 неоднородная поверхность катода гомогенизирована диборид-титановым слоем. При стабильных параметрах электролиза криолитоглиноземного расплава на катоде электроосажден слой алюминия. Комплексный анализ условий электролиза, внешнего вида исходных и использованных углеродных катодов, данных аналитических исследований дают основания утверждать, что формирование на катоде плотного слоя осадков провоцирует поверхностная микро- и макродефектность электрода. Установленный механизм пассивирования углеродного катода как поликристаллического изделия распространяется на любые композитные электроды, в том числе на основе диборида титана. Логичным условием применения твердых катодов является организация процессов электролиза с непрерывным восстановлением поверхности, уменьшением ее химической неоднородности и микродефектности в течение всего технологического периода. </p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> The aim was to investigate the mechanism of passivation of polycrystalline cathodes and to justify experimentally the possibility of stable electrolysis when using solid electrodes. Under laboratory conditions, the mechanism of electrode passivation and the conditions for stable electrolysis were experimentally studied. To this end, the methods of X-ray phase analysis and electron-microscopic examination of the spent electrodes were employed. A study of the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts showed that, in the presence of surface micro- and microdefects on a solid cathode, a precipitate consisting of impurities and electrolyte components was gradually formed. Under the selected experimental conditions, the surface of carbon cathodes was passivated with a dense double-layer precipitate of CaB6 and electrolyte components. Using the example of a carbon cathode containing both metallic titanium and titanium oxides, a method for eliminating surface microdefects is presented. This method consists in electrochemical borating of a carbon-titanium cathode. The conducted spectral electron microscopic and energy-dispersive analysis found that, during a 45-hour laboratory experiment at 980 °C and under a current density of 0.7 A/cm2, the inhomogeneous surface of the cathode was homogenized with a titanium diboride layer. At stable electrolysis parameters, an aluminum layer is electrodeposited on the cathode. A complex analysis of the electrolysis conditions, the appearance of the initial and spent carbon cathodes, and the data of analytical studies confirmed that micro- and macrodefects of the electrode cause the formation of a dense layer of deposits on the cathode. The established mechanism of passivation of a carbon cathode as a polycrystalline product can be applied to all composite electrodes, including those based on titanium diboride. A logical condition for the practical application of solid cathodes is the development of an electrolysis process with continuous surface reconditioning to decrease the chemical inhomogeneity and microdefects of the surface across the entire technological sequence. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электролиз</kwd><kwd>твердые электроды</kwd><kwd>физическая микродефектность</kwd><kwd>химическая неоднородность</kwd><kwd>пассивация катода</kwd><kwd>инертные аноды</kwd><kwd>смачиваемые катоды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrolysis</kwd><kwd>solid electrodes</kwd><kwd>physical microdefects</kwd><kwd>chemical inhomogeneity</kwd><kwd>cathode passivation</kwd><kwd>inert anodes</kwd><kwd>wettable cathodes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patente no. 175711, France. 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