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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2026-2-259-276</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IROVSJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-1078</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение спектральных разложений грамианов управляемости и наблюдаемости для мониторинга и управления электроэнергосистемами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of spectral decompositions of controllability and observability Gramians to power-system monitoring and control</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-3750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутяков</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyakov</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутяков Евгений Юрьевич, научный сотрудник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy Yu. Kutyakov, Researcher at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniykutyakov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-8179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искаков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskakov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Искаков Алексей Борисович, кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey B. Iskakov, Cand. Sci. (Phys. – Math.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iskakov@ipu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-7054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ядыкин</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yadykin</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ядыкин Игорь Борисович, доктор технических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor B. Yadykin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Chief Researcher at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jadikin1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-4507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kataev</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Катаев Дмитрий Евгеньевич, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry Е. Kataev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dekataev@ipu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-3911</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевляков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevlyakov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевляков Андрей Анатольевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey А. Shevlyakov, Cand. Sci. (Phys. – Math.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aash29@ipu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пересветова</surname><given-names>И. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peresvetova</surname><given-names>I. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пересветова Инна Федоровна, техник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna F. Peresvetova, Technician at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">790212@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5685-3868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметзянов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmetzyanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахметзянов Атлас Валиевич, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории 82 </p><p>117997, г. Москва, Варшавское шоссе, 45 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atlas V. Akhmetzyanov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory 82 </p><p>45, Varshavskoe Shosse, Moscow 117997 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">awa@ipu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>276</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кутяков Е.Ю., Искаков А.Б., Ядыкин И.Б., Катаев Д.Е., Шевляков А.А., Пересветова И.Ф., Ахметзянов А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутяков Е.Ю., Искаков А.Б., Ядыкин И.Б., Катаев Д.Е., Шевляков А.А., Пересветова И.Ф., Ахметзянов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutyakov E.Y., Iskakov A.B., Yadykin I.B., Kataev D.E., Shevlyakov A.A., Peresvetova I.F., Akhmetzyanov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1078">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1078</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – дать краткий обзор результатов применения спектральных разложений грамианов управляемости и наблюдаемости по собственным числам матрицы динамики для мониторинга и управления электроэнергосистемами. Используется новая концепция модального анализа по Ляпунову, сочетающая традиционный селективный модальный анализ со спектральным разложением специально выбранных функций Ляпунова по спектру матрицы динамики. В отличие от традиционных коэффициентов участия, используются коэффициенты участия по Ляпунову, которые отражают вклад мод системы в функции Ляпунова, оценивающие интегральную энергию, определяемую квадратом L2-нормы переменных состояния или сигналов на конечном или бесконечном интервале времени. В отличие от известных методов нелинейного модального анализа, новые показатели позволяют учитывать нелинейности во времени и резонансы между модами с близкими частотами. В работе рассмотрены три применения модального анализа по Ляпунову к электроэнергосистемам. Во-первых, представлен метод оценки структуры низкочастотных колебаний и их взаимодействий как в пространстве состояний, так и с учетом их расположения на графе системы. Предлагаемые показатели позволяют анализировать не только структуру отдельных межрайонных колебаний, но и геометрию их парных взаимодействий в узлах сети. Во-вторых, представлен селективный метод настройки глобального линейно-квадратичного регулятора для подавления выбранной группы межрайонных колебаний. Новый метод улучшает подавление выбранной группы мод, по сравнению с базовым методом линейно-квадратичного регулятора. В-третьих, представлен метод определения местоположения источника вынужденных колебаний в сети (когда их частота близка к частоте собственных колебаний системы), который показал высокую эффективность на тестовых примерах. Рассмотренные примеры подтверждают, что модальный анализ на основе спектральных разложений решений матричных уравнений, используемых в теории управления, может стать ценным инструментом для разработки новых алгоритмов и интеллектуальных методов управления макро- и микросетями. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study reviews spectral decompositions of the controllability and observability Gramians, expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the system dynamics matrix, and evaluates their application in monitoring  and control of electric power systems. The approach is based on a new concept of Lyapunov modal analysis, which combines traditional selective modal analysis with the spectral decomposition of specially constructed Lyapunov functions over the spectrum of the dynamics matrix. Unlike conventional participation factors, the method employs Lyapunov participation factors, which quantify the contribution of individual system modes to Lyapunov functions characterizing the integral energy of state variables or signals through the squared L2-norm over finite or infinite time intervals. In contrast to existing nonlinear modal-analysis methods, the proposed indicators account for time-varying nonlinearities and resonant interactions between modes with closely spaced frequencies. Three applications of Lyapunov modal analysis to power‑system problems are considered. First, a method is proposed for characterizing the structure of low‑frequency oscillations and their interactions both in the state‑space representation and with respect to their location on the network graph. The proposed indicators enable analysis of individual inter‑area modes, as well as of the geometry of their pairwise interactions at network nodes. Second, a selective tuning procedure for a global linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is developed to suppress a selected group of inter-area oscillations. The proposed method provides improved damping of the targeted modal group compared with the baseline LQR design. Third, a method is presented for locating the source of a forced oscillation whose frequency is close to a natural system mode. Test cases demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed approach. The examples confirm that modal analysis based on spectral decompositions of solutions to matrix equations arising in control theory can serve as an effective tool for developing new algorithms and intelligent control methods for both macrogrids and microgrids. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грамианы управляемости и наблюдаемости</kwd><kwd>спектральные разложения</kwd><kwd>электроэнергетические системы</kwd><kwd>оценка структуры колебаний</kwd><kwd>настройка регуляторов</kwd><kwd>местоположение источника вынужденных колебаний</kwd><kwd>подавление межрайонных колебаний</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>controllability and observability gramians</kwd><kwd>spectral decompositions</kwd><kwd>electric power systems</kwd><kwd>oscillation structure estimation</kwd><kwd>controller tuning</kwd><kwd>forced oscillation source location</kwd><kwd>damping of inter-area oscillations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ, грант No. 25-29-20158.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 25-29-20158.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta R., Zhao Wei, Kapania R.K. 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