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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ipolytech</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">iPolytech Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>iPolytech Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4004</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-6341</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21285/1814-3520-2026-1-140-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HZFFXH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ipolytech-1038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пирометаллургическая переработка отработанных автомобильных катализаторов методом плавки на коллектор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive catalysts by collector metal smelting</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7451-9610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахомов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhomov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пахомов Роман Александрович, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории пирометаллургии</p><p>195220, г. Санкт-Петербург, Гражданский пр-т, д. 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Pakhomov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher, Pyrometallurgy Laboratory </p><p>11 Grazhdansky pr., Saint Petersburg 195220 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pakhomovra@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-3833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бажин</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhin</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бажин Владимир Юрьевич, доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой металлургии</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, 21-я линия В.О., д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Yu. Bazhin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Head of the Metallurgy Department</p><p>2, 21st Line, Saint Petersburg 199106 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bazhin-alfoil@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9784-8168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слободин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slobodin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слободин Виктор Андреевич, студент</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, 21-я линия В.О., д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor A. Slobodin, Student</p><p>2, 21st Line, Saint Petersburg 199106 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s242803@stud.spmi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Институт Гипроникель»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Limited Liability Company Gipronickel Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский горный университет императрицы Екатерины II</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пахомов Р.А., Бажин В.Ю., Слободин В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пахомов Р.А., Бажин В.Ю., Слободин В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pakhomov R.A., Bazhin V.Y., Slobodin V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1038">https://ipolytech.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1038</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель – обобщить современные представления о влиянии флюсования на структурно-реологические свойства шлаковой фазы в процессе пирометаллургической плавки отработанных автомобильных катализаторов на коллектор. Методологию работы составляют аналитический обзор и оценка отечественных и зарубежных исследований в области переработки автомобильных катализаторов, содержащих металлы платиновой группы. Проанализированы механизмы воздействия флюсовых добавок (оксидов кальция, натрия, бора, фторида кальция) на микроструктуру расплава, в частности, на степень полимеризации силикатных и алюмосиликатных сетей при изменении соотношения форм химически связанного кислорода. Установлено, что управление пирометаллургическим процессом плавки сводится к контролю баланса между полимеризованными и деполимеризованными структурными составляющими в шлаке. Показано, что основные оксиды эффективно снижают вязкость расплава, разрывая мостиковые связи, но одновременно повышают активность свободного кислорода, что способствует окислению платины, палладия и родия и их потерям. Обоснована необходимость применения комплексных флюсовых композиций для корректировки свойств расплава и минимизации окислительного потенциала. Выявлено, что ключевой задачей для повышения извлечения платиноидов из исследуемого вторичного сырья является создание количественных моделей, связывающих состав флюсовой добавки, структуру шлака и его окислительный потенциал. Полученные выводы позволяют прогнозировать поведение многокомпонентных систем и формируют основу для оптимизации технологических режимов пирометаллургической переработки отработанных автомобильных катализаторов, обеспечивающих максимальное концентрирование ценных металлов в коллекторе при минимальных энергетических затратах и эксплуатационных расходах. Дальнейшие исследования должны быть сосредоточены на разработке таких моделей с применением современных термодинамических программных комплексов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review consolidates current knowledge on the influence of flux addition on the structural and rheological properties of the slag phase during the pyrometallurgical smelting of spent automotive catalysts using a collector metal. The analysis draws on Russian and international studies that examine the processing of automotive catalysts containing platinum-group metals. The study evaluates the mechanisms by which flux additives, including calcium, sodium, and boron oxides, as well as calcium fluoride, modify the melt microstructure. It focuses on the degree of polymerization in silicate and aluminosilicate networks resulting from variations in the distribution of chemically bound oxygen. The findings show that effective control of the pyrometallurgical smelting process depends on maintaining an appropriate balance between polymerized and depolymerized structural units in the slag. Basic oxides reduce melt viscosity by breaking bridging bonds; however, they also increase oxygen activity, which promotes oxidation and loss of platinum, palladium, and rhodium. These results underscore the need for composite flux formulations that adjust melt properties while minimizing the oxidation potential of the slag. A central challenge in improving the recovery of platinum-group metals from this secondary raw material is the development of quantitative models that link flux composition, slag structure, and oxidation potential. These conclusions support predictive evaluation of multicomponent systems and provide a basis for optimizing smelting parameters to increase metal recovery to the collector while reducing energy use and operating costs. The development of predictive models using modern thermodynamic software packages represents a key direction for further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отработанные автомобильные катализаторы</kwd><kwd>металлы платиновой группы</kwd><kwd>плавка на коллектор</kwd><kwd>пирометаллургия</kwd><kwd>переработка отходов</kwd><kwd>платина</kwd><kwd>палладий</kwd><kwd>родий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spent automotive catalysts</kwd><kwd>platinum group metals</kwd><kwd>collector smelting</kwd><kwd>pyrometallurgy</kwd><kwd>waste recycling</kwd><kwd>platinum</kwd><kwd>palladium</kwd><kwd>rhodium</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Фонда содействия инновациям (Договор о предоставлении гранта «УМНИК» № 19983ГУ/2025).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises (UMNIK Grant Agreement No. 19983ГУ/2025).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Chuan, Sun Shuchen, Zhu Xiaoping, Tu Ganfeng. 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